What is MDI and how to use it in C#?

In this tutorial I will explain what is MDI and how to use it in C#.

MDI (Multiple Document Interface) is a type of GUI (Graphical User Interface), which presents a single parent (container) window for other windows in a specific application. The opposites of MDI are SDI (Single Document Interface) and TDI (Tabbed Document Interface).

The main advantages of MDI are:
• Child windows are easily managed from a single parent (container) form.
• A single menu and toolbar can be shared for other windows.
• The possibility to work with multiple documents in one window of the same application.
• Closing the parent (container) window, the user closes other child windows.

Special Tutorial Requirements:
• C# IDE (Visual Studio 2008 used in this tutorial)
• .NET Framework 1.0

So, let's start creating an MDI application.
1. Create a standard C# Windows Forms Application:

2. First of all I have to create a container form. The first form that was created by default can become a container just by changing the IsMdiContainer property to True:

Now, the form should look like this:

3. Now, I will add a new form to the project. It will be a child form. To add a new form, use the Add New Itembutton on the IDE toolbar (if you use Visual Studio). Select the Add Windows Form... option from the dropdown menu:

4. Now, when a new form is created, I need to call it from the parent form, so I will create a menu on the first form, using the MenuStrip control:

5. To the newly created menu I will add a root element (I will call it "Container") and a child element (called "New Child..."):

6. Now, to open a new child in the parent form, add this code to the "New Child..." menu item:
1 // Declare the child form as a new one.
2 Form2 childForm = new Form2();

3 // Set the main form as a parent form.
4 childForm.MdiParent = this;

5 // Show the child form.
6 childForm.Show();

Now, if you compile the application and click several times on the "New Child..." menu item, you will get new child forms inside the parent form:

7. Now, I will add some additional menu items, that will have the functionality needed to arrange the child forms inside the parent form.
Basically, there are four types of arrangement:
• Cascade
• Tile Horizontal
• Tile Vertical
• Arrange Icons
So, add the new menu items (as in the image below):

Here goes the code for all the types of arrangements (add this code to the corresponding menu items):
Cascade :
1 // Set the layout to cascade.
2 this.LayoutMdi(MdiLayout.Cascade);
Screenshot:

Tile Horizontal :
1 // Set the layout to tile horizontal.
2 this.LayoutMdi(MdiLayout.TileHorizontal);
Screenshot:

Tile Vertical
1 // Set the layout to tile vertical.
2 this.LayoutMdi(MdiLayout.TileVertical);
Screenshot:

Arrange Icons
1 // Set the layout to arrange icons.
2 this.LayoutMdi(MdiLayout.ArrangeIcons);
Screenshot:

Note: the ArrangeIcons layout is available only for minimized child forms.

8. Now, if the user opens many child forms, it becomes harder to navigate between them, so I will set theMdiWindowListItem of the menu strip towindowToolStripMenuItem, so all opened child windows will be listed in the Window menu:

As the application starts and child windows are open, these are listed in the Window menu:

Now I can easily switch between all opened child windows.
This tutorial shows only the basics of creating a MDI application, but it also shows some fundamental MDI ideas and implementations.

SQL Server Interview Questions with Answers Part II

38)Difference between Delete and Truncate command? 
Ans:
TRUNCATE cannot be rolled back.
TRUNCATE is DDL Command.
TRUNCATE Resets identity of the table
TRUNCATE is faster and uses fewer system and transaction log resources than DELETE.

DELETE removes rows one at a time and records an entry in the transaction log for each deleted row.
DELETE can be rolled back.
DELETE is DML Command.
DELETE does not reset identity of the table.
39)What are the Four Main query statement?Explain them?
Ans:
Four Query Statement:Select ,Insert, Update and Delete .
Select -- To retrieve a information form a table.
Insert -- To Insert a Value into a table.
Update -- To update a exists value into a table.
Delete -- To delete a row from a Table.
40)What is an Index? 
Ans:
physical structure containing pointers to the data.
41)What are the Different Types of Triggers? 
Ans:
1)DML Trigger
2)DDL Trigger
1 )
1.1)Instead of Trigger.
1.2)After Trigger.
42)What is NOT NULL Constraint? 
Ans:
A NOT NULL constraint enforces that the column will not accept null values. The not null constraints are used to enforce domain integrity, as the check constraints.
43)What is the maximum size of a row ?
Ans: 8060 bytes.
44)Which datatypes can be compressed inside SQL Server? 
Ans:
FLOAT, MONEY, TIMESTAMP,INT, DATE, TIME.
45)Which datatype allows to store more than 2GB? 
Ans: Filestream.
46)Will COUNT(column) include columns with null values in its count? 
Ans: Yes.
47)What is the default order of an ORDER BY clause? 
Ans: Ascending Order.
48)What is the purpose of the USE command? 
Ans:
used for to select the database. For i.e Use Database Name.
49)What is the purpose of the model database? 
Ans:
It works as Template Database for the Create Database Syntax.
50)What are Different Types of Locks? 
Ans:
Types of Locks:
Shared Locks,Update Locks,Exclusive Locks,Intent Locks,Schema Locks,Bulk Update Locks.
51)What is the difference between a "where" clause and a "having" clause? 
Ans:
WHERE clause:Restriction statement.
Having clause:Using after retrieving the Data
52)Difference between REVOKE and GRANT?
Ans:
Grant:It will give permission to the user on database
Revoke: we can remove the permission
53)What operator performs pattern matching? 
Ans: LIKE.
54)What are E-R Diagram?
Ans:
Entity-Relationship diagram shows the relationship between various tables in the database.
55)What is mean by JOIN and Types of JOIN? 
Ans:
Used in an SQL statement to query data from two or more tables, based on a relationship between certain columns in these tables.
Types of JOIN:
JOIN: Return rows when there is at least one match in both tables.
LEFT JOIN: Return all rows from the left table, even if there are no matches in the right table.
RIGHT JOIN: Return all rows from the right table, even if there are no matches in the left table.
FULL JOIN: Return rows when there is a match in one of the tables.
56)Why can a "group by" or "order by" clause be expensive to process? 
Ans:
requires creation of Temporary tables to process the results of the query.
57)How many types of triggers are there? 
Ans:
1. Insert. 2. Delete. 3. Update. 4. Instead of.
58)Can you create foreign key constraints on temporary tables? 
Ans: No.
59)What are the 2 types of Temporary Tables in SQL Server? 
Ans:
1. Local Temporary Tables.2. Global Temporary Tables.
60)Explain DML statements with examples? 
Ans:
DML: DML stands for Data Manipulation Language. DML is used to retrieve, store, modify, delete, insert and update data in database.
Examples of DML statements: SELECT, UPDATE, INSERT, DELETE statements.
61)Can you create a view based on other views? 
Ans: yes.
62)What are the two types of Triggers in SQL Server? 
Ans:
1. After Triggers : Fired after Insert, Update and Delete operations on a table.
2. Instead of Triggers: Fired instead of Insert, Update and Delete operations on a table.
63)What is faster, a correlated sub query or an exists? 
Ans: Exists.

SQL Interview Questions and Answers Part-I

1)What is SQL?
Ans:
SQL stands for Structured Query Language , and it is used to communicate with the Database. This is a standard language used to perform tasks such as retrieval, updating, insertion and deletion of data from a database.
2)What is a Database?
Ans:
Database is nothing but an organized form of data for easy access, storing, retrieval and managing of data. This is also known as structured form of data which can be accessed in many ways.
Example: School Management Database, Bank Management Database.
3)What are tables and Fields?
Ans:
A table is a set of data that are organized in a model with Columns and Rows. Columns can be categorized as vertical, and Rows are horizontal. A table has specified number of column called fields but can have any number of rows which is called record.

Example:
Table: Employee.
 Field: Emp ID, Emp Name, Date of Birth.
 Data: 201456, David, 11/15/1960.

4)What is a primary key?
Ans:
A primary key is a combination of fields which uniquely specify a row. This is a special kind of unique key, and it has implicit NOT NULL constraint. It means, Primary key values cannot be NULL.
5)What is a unique key?
Ans:
A Unique key constraint uniquely identified each record in the database. This provides uniqueness for the column or set of columns.
A Primary key constraint has automatic unique constraint defined on it. But not, in the case of Unique Key.
There can be many unique constraint defined per table, but only one Primary key constraint defined per table.
6)What is a foreign key?
Ans:
A foreign key is one table which can be related to the primary key of another table. Relationship needs to be created between two tables by referencing foreign key with the primary key of another table.
7)What is a join?
Ans:
This is a keyword used to query data from more tables based on the relationship between the fields of the tables. Keys play a major role when JOINs are used.
8)What are the types of join and explain each?
Ans:
There are various types of join which can be used to retrieve data and it depends on the relationship between tables.
Inner join:  Inner join return rows when there is at least one match of rows between the tables.
Right Join: Right join return rows which are common between the tables and all rows of Right hand side table. Simply, it returns all the rows from the right hand side table even though there are no matches in the left hand side table.
Left Join: Left join return rows which are common between the tables and all rows of Left hand side table. Simply, it returns all the rows from Left hand side table even though there are no matches in the Right hand side table.
Full Join: Full join return rows when there are matching rows in any one of the tables. This means, it returns all the rows from the left hand side table and all the rows from the right hand side table.
9)What is normalization?
Ans:
Normalization is the process of minimizing redundancy and dependency by organizing fields and table of a database. The main aim of Normalization is to add, delete or modify field that can be made in a single table.
10)What is Denormalization?
Ans:
Denormalization is a technique used to access the data from higher to lower normal forms of database. It is also process of introducing redundancy into a table by incorporating data from the related tables.
11)What is a View?
Ans:
A view is a virtual table which consists of a subset of data contained in a table. Views are not virtually present, and it takes less space to store. View can have data of one or more tables combined, and it is depending on the relationship.
12)What is an Index?
Ans:
An index is performance tuning method of allowing faster retrieval of records from the table. An index creates an entry for each value and it will be faster to retrieve data.
13)What are all the different types of indexes?
Ans:
There are three types of indexes -.
Unique Index: This indexing does not allow the field to have duplicate values if the column is unique indexed. Unique index can be applied automatically when primary key is defined.
Clustered Index: This type of index reorders the physical order of the table and search based on the key values. Each table can have only one clustered index.
Non Clustered Index:  Non Clustered Index does not alter the physical order of the table and maintains logical order of data. Each table can have 999 non clustered indexes.
14)What is a Cursor?
Ans:
A database Cursor is a control which enables traversal over the rows or records in the table. This can be viewed as a pointer to one row in a set of rows. Cursor is very much useful for traversing such as retrieval, addition and removal of database records.
15)What is a relationship and what are they?
Ans:
Database Relationship is defined as the connection between the tables in a database. There are various data basing relationships, and they are as follows:.
• One to One Relationship.
• One to Many Relationships.
• Many to One Relationship.
• Self-Referencing Relationship.
16)What is a query?
Ans:
A DB query is a code written in order to get the information back from the database. Query can be designed in such a way that it matched with our expectation of the result set. Simply, a question to the Database.
17)What is subquery?
Ans:
A sub query is a query within another query. The outer query is called as main query, and inner query is called subquery. SubQuery is always executed first, and the result of subquery is passed on to the main query.
18)What are the types of subquery?
Ans:
There are two types of subquery – Correlated and Non-Correlated.
A Correlated subquery cannot be considered as independent query, but it can refer the column in a table listed in the FROM the list of the main query.
A Non-Correlated sub query can be considered as independent query and the output of subquery are substituted in the main query.

SQL Server - Acid Properties (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability)

Here I will explain SQL Server ACID properties those are Atomicity, consistency, isolation, durability.
1.Atomicity :
      It is one unit of work and does not dependent on previous and following transactions. This transaction is either fully completed or not begun at all. Any updates in the system during transaction will complete entirely. If any reason an error occurs and the transaction is unable to complete all of its steps, then the system will returned to the state where transaction was started

2.Consistency :
      Data is either committed or roll back, not “in-between” case where something has been updated and something hasn’t and it will never leave your database till transaction finished. If the transaction completes successfully, then all changes to the system will have been properly made, and the system will be in a valid state. If any error occurs in a transaction, then any changes already made will be automatically rolled back. This will return the system to its state before the transaction was started. Since the system was in a consistent state when the transaction was started, it will once again be in a consistent state.

3.Isolation :
      No transaction sees the intermediate results of the current transaction. We have two transactions both are performing the same function and running at the same time, the isolation will ensure that each transaction separate from other until both are finished.

4.Durability :
       Once transaction completed whatever the changes made to the system will be permanent even if the system crashes right after.
Whenever transaction will start each will obey all the acid properties.

69 Important & Usefull Sales force Interview Questions&Answers

Sales force Interview Questions:

  1. What are the types of Controllers?

Ans : we have three types of the controllers.

         1. Standard controller

         2. Custom controller

         3. Controller extensions.

Controller:

            A visual force controller is a set of instructions that specify what happens when a user interacts with the components specified in associated visual force markup, such as when a user clicks a button or link.

Controllers also provide access to the data that should be displayed in a page and can modify component behavior.

Standard Controller:

          A standard controller consists of the same functionality and logic that is used for a standard sales force page.

For Example, if we use the standard accounts controller, clicking a save button in a visual force page results in the same behavior as clicking save on standard account edit page.

Custom Controller:

         A custom controller is a class written in Apex that implements all of a page’s logic.

If we use a custom controller, we can define new navigation elements or behaviors. But we must also re-implement any functionality that was already provided in a standard controller.

Controller Extensions:

        A controller extension is a class written in Apex that adds to or overrides behavior in a standard or custom controller. Extensions allow us to leverage the functionality of another while adding our own custom logic.

2.What is the difference between the Workflow and Approval process?

Workflows	Approval Process
These rules are triggered upon save	These are triggered only when a user clicks “submit for approval” form.
Consists of one set of criteria and actions	Consist of multiple steps.
	Have entry criteria, step criteria and step actions.
	Have initial submission actions, rejection and approval actions and actions for each step.
Can be modified or deleted	Some attributes can’t be modified, processes must be deactivated before they can be deleted

3. What are the Record Types?

Ans  : Record types are used to display different pick-list values and page layouts to different users based on their profiles.

4. Have you implemented Record Types in your project?

Ans: Yes. We have created Record Types and we have done page layout assignment also.

5. How to make the Record type as a default?

Ans: By using Profiles.

Go to the particular profile and by using Record Type settings. We can make the record type as a default.

6. What is the Customer portal and Partner portal?

Ans :

Customer Portal : A salesforce.com customer portal similar to a self-service portal in that it provides an online support channel for your customers-allowing them to resolve their inquiries without contacting a customer service representive.

7. What are the annotations in the Apex?

Ans : An Apex  annotation modifies the way a method or class is used, similar to annotations in Java.

Ø  @Deprecated

Ø  @Future

Ø  @IsTest

Ø  @ReadOnly

Ø  @RemoteAction

8. what is @isTest annotation?

Ans : use the @isTest annotation to define classes or individual methods that only contain code used for testing your application.

9. How many controller extensions we can use?

Ans : Any number of controller extensions.

10. Tell me one Governor Limit?

Total number of SOQL queries issued	200
Total no. of records retrieved by SOQL queries	50000
Total no. of records retrieved by single SOQL query	200
Total no. of DML statements issued	150

11. What are the Collections?

v  Lists  

v  Maps

v  Sets

12. What is the difference between the Sets and Maps?

Ans:  A set is an unordered collection of primitives or sObjects that do not contain any duplicate elements.

A Map is a collection of key-value pairs where each unique key map to a single value. Keys can be any primitive datatype, while values can be a primitive, sObject, collection type or an Apex object.

13.What are the datatypes we can give for the Key and Values in Maps?

Ans :     Keys-   Primitive datatype.

          Values – Primitive,sObject,Collection Type or an Apex object.

14.What are the types of Sandboxes you’re using?

Ans :

1.       Full Sandbox

2.        Configuration only sandbox

Full sandbox is a production environment.

Configuration Sandbox is a test sandbox.

15. What is the difference between “with sharing” and “without sharing” keywords?

Ans : Use the with sharing keywords, when declaring a class to enforce the sharing rules that apply to the current user.

Use the without sharing keywords, when declaring a class to ensure that the sharing rules for the current user are not enforced.

16.What is the difference between Trigger.new and Trigger.old?

Ans :

Trigger.new : Returns a list of the new versions of the sObject records.

Note that this sObject list is only available in insert and update triggers and the records can only be modified in before triggers.

Trigger.old:Returns a list of the old versions of the sObject reords.

17.What is the Custom settings?

Ans : Custom setting that provides a reusable set of static data that can be accessed across your organization.There are two types of custom settings.

1.List Custom Settings

2.Hierarchy Custom Settings

18.What is the difference between the Lookup and Master-detail relationship?

Lookup Relationship	Master-detail relationship
We can create upto 25 lookup relationships.	We can create 2 master-detail relationships.
Lookup can be create if records already exists.	Master-detail cannot be created if records already exists.
If we deletes the Parent record, then the Childs will not be deleted.	If we deletes the Parent record, then the Childs will be deleted automatically.
These field values are not Mandatory.	These field values are mandatory.
Access rights are inherited to the child from the master.	Access rights are not inherited.

19.What is the difference between the Profile and Role?

Ans : A collection of settings and permissions that define how a user accesses records.

1.Profiles control a user’s permissions to perform different functions in Salesforce.

   Profile can have many users,but a user can have only one profile.

2.Roles: controls the level of visibility that users have to an organization’s data.

20.Can we create a user without assigning the Profile?

Ans : No.be’z while creating the user,selection of profile is mandatory thing.

21.How many ways we can make a field required?

Ans: There are 3 ways to make the field required

v   While creating the field

v  Using Page layouts

v  Using validation rules

v  FLS(may be this is not sure)

 22.How many ways we can create VF page?

Ans : There are the 2 ways to create a Visualforce page.

Ø  By using the URL

Ø  By using the path setup àDevelopàPages.

23.What are the Assignment Rules?

Ans :

 Assignment Rules are used to automate organization’s lead generation and support processes.

Lead assignment Rules – specify how leads are assigned to users or queries as they are created manually,captured from the web, or imported via the lead import wizards.

Case Assignment Rules—Determine how cases are assigned to users or put into queues as they are created manually,using Web-to-Case. 

24. What are the types of Relationships?

Ans :

§  Master-Detail

§  Lookup

§  Many to Many

§  Hierarchical

25.Can we delete the user from salesforce?

Ans : As per now,Salesforce doesnot allow to delete any user,however we can deactivate the user.

Salesforce 87 Interview Questions & Answers..?

1. In Data loader using upsert operation can u do update a record if that record id is already exist in page and if updated that record then can u update 2records with having same id and if not updated 2 records then wat error message is given?
Ans :
It is not possible to update records with same id in a file usin upsert operation. It will throw "duplicate ids found" error.
2. One product cost is 1000. It is stored in invoice so once if change the cost of product to 800 then how can i update it automatically into a invoice?
Ans:
We can achieve this using triggers or through relationship among objects.
3. One company is having some branches and all branches having different departments. So, now I want to display all departments from all branches in a single visualforce page?
Ans :
Using subquery we can fetch all the required data and we can display it in VF page.
4. Can you please give some information about Implicit and Explicit Invocation of apex?
Ans :
Triggers - Implicit
Javascript remoting - Explicit
5. what is apex test execution?
Ans :
Exectuing apex test classes.
6. In an apex invocation how many methods that we can write as future annotations?
Ans :10
7. I have an account object, I have a status field which has open and completed checkboxes, when ever I click on completed, I want an opportunity to be created automatically. Through which we can achieve in salesforce?
Ans :Triggers.
8. What are workflows and what actions can be performed using workflows?
Ans :
Workflows are used for automation.
• Field Update
• Outbound Messages
• Email Alert
• Task
9. Write a query for below.
I have 1 parent(account) and 1 child(contact),how will you get F.name,L.name from child and email from the account when Organization name in account is "CTS"?
Ans:
SELECT Email, (SELECT F.Name, L.Name FROM Contacts) WHERE Name = 'CTS'.
10. What are outbound messages?what it will contain?
Ans : In outbound message contains end point URL.
11. What is External id?primary id?
Ans :    External id is unique to external application.
            Primay id is unique to internal organization.
12. What is Data loader and which format it will support?
Ans :
Data loader is a tool to manage bulk data. It will support .csv format of Excel.
13. How import wizard will not allow the duplicates?
Ans : Using external id.
14. What are validation rules?
Ans :
Used to maintain data format.
15.Ajax Components in V.F?
Ans :
apex:actionPoller, apex:actionFunction, apex:actionSupport, etc.
16.Salesforce sites?
Ans :
Used to show data from our organization for public view.
17.Auto-response rules and Escalation rules(for which objects are mandatory)?
Ans :  Case and Lead.
18.Difference between REST and SOAP API'S?
Ans :
Varies on records that can be handled.
19.What is creating debug log for users?
Ans : Track code.
20.How cases are created?
Ans :
Email to Case and Web to Case
21.What is after undelete?
Ans :While retrieving from recycle bin
22.Will Trigger.new supports --->Insert,,,Will Trigger.Delete supports --->Delete
Ans : Yes.
23.What is Inline visual-force page?
Ans : Having VF page in page-layout.
24.If is child is mandatory field in look-up and I m deleting Parent,will child get deleted?
Ans: No.
25.Junction object?when will we use?If we delete the junction object what will happen?
Ans :  For many to many relationship.
26.Can we have V.F pages in page layout?
Ans : Yes.
27.How to create standard object as child to custom object(which is not possible thru standard away process,have to bypass this restriction)?
Ans :  Create Lookup and make the lookup field mandatory.
28.In a visual force page the save should ensure the data to be be stored in current object as well as associated child object?
Ans :
We have to use Database.SavePoint and Database.Rollback for this situation.
29.what is audit field,what is the purpose of audit field?
Ans:
Created By, Created Date, Last Modified By and Last Modified Date are audit fields. Used to track when the changes are done to the records.
30.what we need to do for extending the limit of creating only 2 M-D relationships for custom object?
Ans :
Create Lookup and make the lookup field mandatory.
31.How to write java script code for save button?
Ans :
We have to create custom button and in that custom button we have to write Java script code.
32.What are the attributes of apex tag?
Ans : Attribute tag is used in creating components.
33.How to insert value to a parent and child element at the same time?
Ans :  Use triggers.
34.How to make pick-list as required (thru java script)?
Ans :
We have to create custom button and in that custom button we have to write Java script code to check whether the picklist value is null.
35.What is the Difference between Ajax and ActionPoller?
Ans :
ActionPolleris a timer that sends an AJAX update request to the server according to a time interval that you specify.
36.When a case is generated by an user through web to case,how or where a developer will provide solution case arised?
Ans :
Email notification through trigger or through email alert Workflow rule.
37.what is the use of interfaces(in apex classes)?
Ans :
An interface is like a class in which none of the methods have been implemented—the method signatures are there, but the body of each method is empty. To use an interface, another class must implement it by providing a body for all of the methods contained in the interface.
Interfaces can provide a layer of abstraction to your code. They separate the specific implementation of a method from the declaration for that method. This way you can have different implementations of a method based on your specific application.

http://www.salesforce.com/us/developer/docs/apexcode/Content/apex_classes_interfaces.htm

38.I have added an string 'updated' to all users in Account object through batch apex,now how to remove that 'updated'?
Ans :
Run the below code in developer console

List<Account> acc =[SELECT Id, Name FROM Account];
for(Account a : acc)
{
    a.Name = a.Name.removeEnd('Updated');
    update a;
}
39.What are workflows and what actions can be performed using workflows?
Ans :
Workflows are used for automation.
• Field Update
• Outbound Messages
• Email Alert
• Task
40.What are types of workflows?
• Immediate Workflow Actions
• Time-Dependent Workflow Actions
41. Can you tell me what is time based workflow?
Ans:
Time Based workflow will be triggered at what time we define while creating the Time-Dependent workflow rule.
42.Can you give me situation where we can you workflow rather than trigger and vice versa?
Ans :
If you want to perform any action after some action, we can go for Workflow Rule.
If you want to perform any action before and after some action, we can go for Trigger.
43. Lets say I have a requirement whenever a record is created I want to insert a record on some other object?
Ans : Triggers can be used for this.
44. Whenever a record is inserted in contact I want insert a record in opportunity as well, we can’t do it with workflow right how would you do it with trigger?
Ans :
We can get the Account Id from the Contact and we can create an Opportunity under the Account.
45. What is the difference between trigger.new and trigger.newmap?
Ans :  Trigger.new can be used in before and after operations.
          Trigger.newMap can be used in after insert and after and before update.

Explaining about Workflow's..?

WORKFLOW :

- Workflow is help us to accessing business and intimated automatically.

- It's an inbuilt functionality used on single object.

- Using workflow,based on criteria we mentioned on the parent record,we can do field update on the parent only But not on child object.

- Different types of actions are performed in workflow's.

  They are :

    1.Immediate Actions

    2.Time-Triggered Actions  -  means specific time is given to perform an action.

- Whenever create a record only,different Actions are performed and executed.

- They are

     1.send Email alert(sender,which email,To whom)

     2.create tasks(which tasks,To whom,Due Date,Priority)

     3.Field Update(Object,field,logic)

     4.Send Outbound Message(Endpoint URL,fields....)

1.Send Email Alert :
    - whenever some activity has happened in the application and meets our criteria.
    - we can plan to notify one/multiple users through an email.An email has send to be predefined in the system and also provided in the workflow.
2.Creating a Tasks :
    - helps us to create a task to any user in the organization and perform some activities with specific time.
    - All the tasks assign to the user,will be displayed in the home page of that user's a/c's and reminder will be pop-up automatically whenever due date is approached.
3.Field Update :
    - Any field in the object on which workflow rule has been created OR any related object can be updated to a constant/dynamic value if the workflow is triggered.
    - Dynamic value updation can be performed with the help of formulas.
4.Sending an Outbound Message :

    - An external application can be intimated with some information from our objects along with the session ID and record ID whenever a workflow is triggered.
    - The message format that be support right now is " SOAP ", originally defined as Simple Object Access Protocol.
" SOAP is a protocol specification for exchanging structured information in the implementation of Web Services in computer networks."

Explains about Formula fields..?

- A Field whose value is calculated based upon a formula automatically by the system is called as " Formula Fileds ".

- This field is not entered by the user and hence it is not open for input.

- A read-only field that derives its value from a formula expression which we define.The formula field is updated when any of the source fields change.

- It is also not displayed on the new/edit page.

- Formula's can be considered as small programs which help us to derive  the value of field.

- As these are program,they have to be compiled before use them (or) save them in the system.

- The formulas are return during the creation of formula field in a box called as "Box Editor" & this formula can be compiled with the help of checks syntax button available below the formula editor box.

- There are 2 types of formula editor boxes :

              1.Simple formula editor

              2.Advanced formula editor

- Advanced formula editor helps us by displaying all the formula functions that can be used in writing formulas.

- For sometimes,they could be creating some fields which need not be entered by the user.because there value may be dependent on other field values as we can performed calculation with the help of the system.we create these fields as formula fields.

- In Formula fields,some functions are available.They are :

            1.Date/Time functions

            2.Math functions

            3.Text functions

            4.Logical functions

Explains about what are the different Field Types/DataTypes in Salesforce..?

In the Field Types/DataTypes in Salesforce,nearly 21 datatypes are available.
They are shown below :

1.Auto Number :

            - A system generated sequence number.It uses display format whatever we define.

            - Automatically incremented for each new record.

2.Formula :
           - It is used to build formula(fields)datatype.
           - Formula fields are always defined based on another field value.
           - Formula datatypes contains different datatypes.
                1.number         2.date         3.date/time       4.person         5.currency           6.text
           - All formula fields are read-only fields,which can't be entered by user,which are calculated based on another fields.

3.Roll-up Summary :
           - It is used when there is relationship between Objects.
           - By using roll-up summary,following result can be achieved
                   - to count number of record objects
                   - to identify minimum value.
                   - to identify maximum value
                   - to identify average value
                   - to identify sum value.
Note :
       - Roll-up summary is enable,when there is always relationship with other objects.
       - Roll-up summary is created always for " Parent " object.

4.Look-up Relationship :
           - creates a relationship that links this object to another object.
           - The relationship field allows users to click on look-up icon to select a value from a pop-up list.The other object is the source of the values in the list.

Explaining about Collections in Apex?

• Collections are the group of similar datatypes.
• Apex has the following types of Collections.

1. Lists
2. Maps
3. Sets

Note : There is no limit on the number of items a collection can hold however there is a general limit on heap size.

1.Lists :

          A List is an ordered collection of typed primitives SObjects,user-defined objects,Apex objects or collections that are distinguished by their includes.

• The index position of the first element in a list is always ' 0 '
• To declare a list,use the list keyword followed by the primitive data,SObject,nested list,map or set type within < > characters.
• List < string > mylist=new list< string > ();  (This will store the block of memory at the Database)

Note : 

   - A list can only contain up to five levels of nested collections inside it.

   - In a list,we can add duplicate values that is duplicate values will be allowed inside a list.

2.Sets :

         A set is an un-ordered collection of primitives or SObjects that do not contain any duplicate elements.

To Declare a set,use the set keyword followed by the primitive datatype name within < > characters.

Ex : set < string > s=new set < string > ();

3.Maps :

         A map is a collection of key-value pairs where each unique key maps to a single value.

-  Keys can be any primitive datatype while values can be primitive,sobject,collection type or Apex object.

- To declare a map,use the map keyword followed by the data types of the value within < > characters.

    Ex  : Map <string,string> m=new map<string,string>();

Note : Similar to lists,map values can contain any collection and can be nested within one another.A map can only contain up to five levels of nested collections inside it.

Explaining about CRM , Modules and Benefits?

Customer Relationship Management (CRM) :

• The approach of identifying,establishing,maintaining and enhancing lasting relationships with customers i.e called " CRM ".
• CRM helps on " ENterprise Manage CR " in an Organized way.
• CRM is software,system and technology.
• CRM is Data storage and Analysis.
• CRM changed corporate culture from Transaction focus to a customer centric one.
• CRM is " Managing Demand ".
• CRM is a strategy cycle focusing on Customers.

In any CRM,consists of mainly 3 modules.

1. Marketing
2. Sales
3. Services

 1.Marketing :

           - Provide awareness to customers with the help of different compaigns like Social networking,Hording,T.V,Print,Mobile and Internet etc.

           - End of the marketing process,Leads will get generated.

" Leads is nothing but interested person and an organization/company. "

2.Sales :

         - Sales people will receive a leads and contact to identify there interested in business.

Note : End of Sales process,all leads will be converted into opportunity,contact and account.

3.Services :

        - It will receive all customers Information and gather needs Queries/Issues/Problems.

        - Main objective of " Service Module " is to maintain good relationships with Customer to generate more business to same customer and attract more customers.

Benefits of CRM :

• Growth in number of customers.
• Maximization of opportunities.
• Long-term profitability & sustainability.
• Helps sales staff close deals faster.
• Reduce Cost.
• Increase customer satisfaction(Be'z they get exactly what they want).
• Ensuring Customer focus.

Explaining about Force.com and benefits.?

• Force.com is a platform supplied by Salesforce in which develops will create user login's by using "www.developerforce.com"
• By login into Force.com platform,End-User i,e Developer will have access to platform,infrastructure software.
• Force.com is categorized as below :   

1. Login Name
2. Applcations which are Standard and Custom Applications.

• Tab's bar :

1. This contains different types of Tabs.For every tab ,functionalities are defined. 
2. Any no. of tabs can be added/removed in many applications.

• Side Bar :

               - It's consists of mainly three setup's.

1. Personal Setup :  It's mainly used to configure personal information.
2. Application Setup : It's mainly used to create application's,objects,tabs which can be standard or customized. & also used to define formulas,fields,roles and datatypes.
3. Administration Setup :  It's used to create user profiles and roles & also used to monitor user activities and set permissions to provide a security.

What is the MVC design pattern in Salesforce.com?

Model-View-Controller (MVC) design pattern is the one of the most popular design pattern which contains three modules.

• Model
• View
• Controller

Model : 

        

- What schema and data does sales force uses to represent the system completely.

- In salesforce, we can say that sObjects are the model.

Ex : Sobjects,Apex classes.

View :

 

- How the schema and data is represented. Visual force is used to present the data to users.

Ex : pages,Components.

Controller :

- How the interface actions is represented.

- Controllers used to perform operations/actions whenever users interact with Visual force.

Ex : Standard, Custom (Apex).

What is the difference between Profile and Role and those Description's?

I here to discussing  about Concept of Roles and Profiles in Salesforce.com.

- Roles and Profiles are the two pillars in Salesforce.com on which the entire access hierarchy is based.

- For a user in Salesforce.com It is mandatory to have a profile but not a role.

1.Profile :
This is used for multiple things in Salesforce.com and some of the key one's are:

- To analyze the type of Salesforce.com license used by the user.

- To give the access to an object. If the object level permission is missing in the profile then the user will not be able to see the records of that object in Salesforce.com.

- To give access to Tabs, fields via FLS, General and Administrator settings.

- Profile control a user's permissions to perform different functions in salesforce.

- Profile can have many users,but a user can have only one profile.

2.A Role :
This is used to maintain the role hierarchy. Role hierarchy allows the managers to see the data of the user reporting to them.

Remember:- Role hierarchy is a tool given to developer to meet the data roll up requirements. It need not be the organization role hierarchy.

- Role hierarchy can be enabled or disabled for the custom objects. This will decide that data of managers will be seen by CEO or not.

- In nutshell profile give access to Object where as role give access to the Records.

- Controls the level of visibility that users have to an organization's data.

Explaining about Types of Relationships & Difference b/w Master-Lookup Relationships?

A Relationship is connection b/w two objects.

In salesforce,there are 4 types of relationships here.

1. Look-up Relationship
2. Master Detail Relationship
3. Many to Many Relationship
4. Hierarchical Relationship

Relationships help us to who view,fetch information from one object to different objects.

Difference Between Master-Detail and Look-up Relationship's  as shown below :

Master-Detail Relationship :

1. Master-detail field value's are mandatory.
2. Values can be assigned only once and cannot be changed.
3. We can create maximum number of relationships are 2.
4. Cascading delete is an effect i,e if master-detail deleted,all the associate child records are also deleted automatically.
5. Master-detail cannot be created if records already exists.
6. Access rights are inherited to the child from the Master.

Look-Up Relationship :

1. Look-up field value's are not mandatory.
2. Values can be assigned any point of time and can be modified at anytime.
3. We can create upto 25 look-up relationships.
4. Cascading delete is not effect i,e If parent record is deleted,child record is not deleted.
5. Lookup can be create if records already exists.
6. Access rights are not inherited.

Explaining about Cloud Computing Models?

I here to discussing about Models of Cloud Computing.

There are mainly 4 types of cloud's.

1.Private cloud :

                Private cloud are created specific to organization where organizations will have full control on cloud's.

Private cloud's are very costly to create and maintain.

Private cloud's are mainly used to store critical information.

Ex : Govt. Organizations, Defense Systems etc.

2.Public cloud :

              This cloud created for multiple organizations.these organizations will share computing resources.

Public Cloud's are less costly,which is mainly used to research and development services and also to develop Pilate projects.

3.Hybrid cloud :

                This is combination of Private and Public.These are mainly used in critical and non-critical organizations.

4.Community cloud :

                This is created for different organizations where multiple domain's information need to be store.

Explaining about Cloud Computing Services?

Here to discuss about Cloud computing services.

There are mainly 3 types of services.

                               

1.Software as a service(SAAS) :

                       - Bussiness owner doesn't need to purchase any s/w,which are purchased/configured by cloud vendor/supplier.

- Cloud vendor responsibilities is to upgrade software's (or) change applications as and when based on customer needs.

2.Platform as a service(PAAS) :

                      - Cloud vendor will create a platform which contains Database and run-time environments.

3.Infrastructure as a service(IAAS) :

                      - Cloud vendor will developed complete infrastructure and built network's and storage components then configure as per client/customer requirements.

Examples of above services as shown as figure below :

In all above services,Cloud vendor provides computer resources as services and receive payments on model called "Pay-per-Use" i,e payments as per usage.

Explaining about Controllers and those types?

I here to discussing about definition of controllers and different types of controllers available in salesforce.com.

Controllers :

Ans :

-  It is a set of instructions define how to control the fields,links and buttons etc. should behave inside the Visualforce page.

- Controllers also provide access to the data that should be displayed in a page and can modify component behavior.

- Controllers can be categorized into four types.They are 

1.  Standard Controller
2. Custom Controller
3. Extension Controller
4. List Controller

1.Standard Controller :

                               It is one that help us to carry forward the functionality of an object that has been defined by us using the Declarative method.i,e it helps us to " leverage the standard functionality of an object from the declarative method to programmable method."

For Example : if we use the standard accounts controller,clicking a save button in a visual force page results in the same behavior as clicking save on a standard account edit page.

2.Custom Controller :

                             It is a class written in Apex that implements all of a page logic.

If we use custom controller,we can define new navigation elements or behaviors,but we must also re implement any functionality that was already provided in a standard controller.

3.Extension Controller :

                            It is a class written in Apex that adds to or overrides behavior in a standard or custom controller.

Extensions allow us to leverage the functionality of another controller while adding our own custom logic.

4.List Controller :

                            This is very similar to Standard Controller.Standard list controllers allow you to create Visualforce pages that can display or act on a set of records.

-  Examples of existing Salesforce pages that work with a set of records include list pages, related lists, and mass action pages.

-  Standard list controllers can be used with the following objects:

Account       Asset         Campaign    Case    Contact      Idea      Lead      Opportunity    Order

Product2     Solution      User            Custom objects.